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Čista i zdrava creva!
Isabgol – indijska bokvica

TOKSINI U CREVIMA – IZVOR SAVREMENIH HRONIČNIH NEZARAZNIH BOLESTI

ŠTA JE TO AMA?

 

Ama je opšti naziv koji ajur veda koristi za sve toksine koji nastaju u telu. Kada je varenje iz bilo kog razloga oslabljeno – usled stresa, pogrešnih navika u ishrani, radu, odmaranju, vremenskih prilika… hrana se ne vari u potpunosti. Jedan deo hrane koju pojedemo se svari i pretvara u korisna tkiva i energiju, drugi deo se izbaci prirodnim tokovima pražnjenja otpadaka, a određeni deo ostaje u debelom crevu i tu se nakuplja. Ovi otpaci koji se nakupljaju u debelom crevu i niti se izbacuju, niti se vare, zovu se ama. Ama je koren i uzrok svih bolesti. Tokom vremena, ama počinje da truli u debelom crevu i stvara otrovnu i lepljivu supstancu izuzetno neprijatnog mirisa. U prvom i drugom stanju razvoja bolesti (prema ajur vedi), količina ame nije velika i ona uglavnom ostaje u debelom crevu. U trećem stadijumu ona počinje da se preliva u krv, limfu i kapilarni sistem i tako kruži telom, tražeći slabo mesto, slabu tačku. U četvrtom stanju, ama se bukvalno prilepi za određeni organ ili tkivo (na primer holesterol za krvne sudove) i tu se dalje nakuplja sve dok ne izbije u vidu jasnih simptoma u petom stanju. Kada je ama veoma razvijena u petom stanju bolesti, tada i zapadna, alopatska medicina priznaje da je čovek bolestan i dijagnostikuje: artritis, anginu pektoris, visok holesterol, astmu i hronični bronhitis, razne “ešerihije“ i “kandide“ itd. U šestom stanju ama već blokira razne organe, uništava tkiva i blokira rad sistema (metastaze raka u raznim delovima tela, pucanje čira na želucu i slično). Dakle, čim se pojavi ama, čovek je već bolestan. Prisustvo ame se može primetiti kao skrama na jeziku, neprijatan zadah iz usta, stolica i urin koji neprijatno mirišu, glavobolja, nedostatak energije i loše raspoloženje itd.

 

 

KAKO ISKORENITI AMU?

Osnovni preduslov da se ama ukloni iz sistema jeste da se ojača probavna vatra, tzv. agni. Kada je vatra varenja jaka, ona spaljuje sve toksine u crevnom sistemu i tkivima.
Drugi način za izbacivanje ame, naročito ako je prodrla dublje u tkiva, jeste upotreba pročišćavajućih sredstava – laksativa.

Postoje dva osnovna tipa biljnih laksativa. Jedni se zovu purgativi i uključuju biljke kao što su: sena, rabarbara, leptandra ili krkavina. Oni uglavnom sadrže gorke principe u obliku antrokina koji stimulišu peristaltiku intestinalnog trakta, bilo direktno bilo podsticanjem sekrecije žuči kroz jetru ili žučni mehur.

Drugi tip laksativa su uljasti i kabasti (lubrikantni) laksativi koji uključuju biljke kao što su isabgol i seme lana. Oni su hranljiviji i obično nemaju nikakav direktan uticaj na jetru ili žučnu kesu. Oni pre deluju poput sunđera koji se uvećava kada apsorbuje tečnost, funkcionišići nalik nekoj vrsti crevne metle.

Purgativna sredstva su potrebna ljudima koji pate od neredovne stolice uzrokovane kongestijom jetre i žučne kese koja je obično udružena sa izvesnom dozom toksina u krvi. Oni kojima su potrebni lubrikantni laksativi pate od intestinalne suhoće uzrokovane različitim metaboličkim faktorima koji uključuju, kako nedostatak hranljivih materija, tako i višak metaboličke energije.

ŠTA JE ISABGOL?

Isabgol je indijski naziv za semeni omotač biljke Plantago ovata to jest Plantago psyllium, koja je veoma slična našoj domaćoj bokvici, samo što raste u jugoistočnoj Aziji. Mekinje psilijuma smatraju se u ajurvedi najboljim crevnim podmazivačem i svojevrsnom metlom za creva. Ove mekinje upijaju količinu vode i crevnog sadržaja mnogo puta veću nego što su one same teške, čime rešavaju različite crevne probleme koji uključuju i konstipaciju i dijareju.

KO TREBA DA KORISTI ISABGOL?

Isabgol deluje kao blagi laksativ, diuretik, protivupalno i omekšavajuće. Osobe koje pate od hroničnog zatvora, hronične dijareje, dizenterije, kolitisa, Kronove bolesti, gastritisa, čira, uretritisa i cistitisa mogu da osete značajne dobrobiti upotrebom isabgola.

 

KAKO KORISTITI ISABGOL:

 

1. Zatvor, slabo pražnjenje
Isabgol sadrži znatnu količinu kako rastvorljivih, tako i nerastvorljivih biljnih vlakana što je veoma važno za osobe koje pate od zatvora. Mekinje indijske bokvice upijaju veliku količinu vode, bubre u crevima, podmazuju ih i nose sa sobom talog isušene stolice.
Pomešajte dve kašičice isabgola sa 100 ml toplog kravljeg mleka i odmah popijte, da mekinje ne nabubre u čaši. Uzimajte ovo uveče, pre spavanja.

2. Dijareja
Isabgol deluje hladeće i protivupalno, u crevima upija i sa sobom nosi veliku količinu organizama, među kojima su i patogeni, izazivači različitih tegoba praćenih prolivom – dizenterije, kolitisa, Kronove bolesti, stomačnog gripa… Za zaustavljanje ovih simptoma, Isabgol je najbolje koristiti sa svežim kiselim mlekom ili svežim jogurtom. Na ovaj način creva se kolonizuju probiotskim bakterijama u pravilnoj razmeri, što omogućava njihov normalan rad.
Pomešajte dve kašičice isabgola sa dve supene kašike svežeg kiselog mleka i pojedite ovo posle doručka i posle ručka (uveče nije dobro koristiti kisele mlečne proizvode).

3. Čišćenje debelog creva
Zahvaljujući svojoj higroskopnoj prirodi, isabgol tokom kretanja kroz creva upija i sakuplja štetne mikroorganizme, toksine i otpatke, koji se u ajurvedi jednim imenom nazivaju “ama“. Ova otrovna i lepljiva supstanca najčešće se zalepi za zidove debelog creva odakle tokom vremena prelazi u krvotok i uzrokuje različite probleme. Čišćenjem ame, zdravlje, raspoloženje i izgled se popravljaju.
Pomešajte dve kašičice isabgola sa 200 ml tople vode i pijte uveče pre spavanja, svakog drugog dana tokom mesec dana.

4. Gastritis, heliko bakterija
Višak kiseline u želucu dovodi do raznih neprijatnosti, a ako traje dugo može dovesti i do čira u organima za varenje. Omekšavajuća i sluzasta svojstva isabgola ovde mogu da “učine čuda“.
Pomešajte dve kašičice isabgola sa 100 ml vode (ne tople ili vruće) i popijte posle jela, dva puta dnevno. Isabgol će upiti višak kiseline i bakterija, smiriti pita došu.

5. Čir na želucu i dvanaestercu
Kod ovih stanja mehanizam delovanja isabgola je isti kao i kod viška kiseline. S obzirom na činjenicu da čir predstavlja ozbiljno oštećenje sluznih membrana, potrebno je koristiti dodatna sredstva za zarastanje i smanjenje korozije. Stoga, osim saveta za upotrebu pod brojem 4 (gastritis) dodajte i savet za upotrebu pod brojem jedan, to jest uveče pre spavanja, sa toplim kravljim mlekom.

6. Kolitis, Kronova bolest
U ovim slučajevima ishrana je izuzetno bitna, treba izbegavati tešku hranu. Isabgol treba uzimati sa lasijem – mešavinom svežeg kiselog mleka i vode. Pomešajte dve supene kašike svežeg kiselog mleka i 100 ml vode, dodajte ¼ kašičice sveže mlevenog indijskog (rimskog, đira) kima i prstohvat sveže struganog muskatnog oraha. Sve ovo dobro izmešajte dok ne dobijete homogen napitak. U ovo dodajte dve kašičice isabgola i popijte dva puta dnevno, posle jela.

7. Gojaznost
Prejedanje usled stresa i nervoze, preterana upotreba kalorične i rafinisane hrane, bez biljnih vlakana, najčešći su uzroci gojaznosti danas. Isabgol donosi obilje biljnih vlakana, kako onih nerastvorljivih, koji dugo održavaju osećaj sitosti i punine u stomaku, tako i rastvorljivih, koja sakupljaju masnoće, žuč i druge otpatke koji slabe razmenu materija i dovode do gojaznosti.
Pomešajte kašičicu isabgola, kašičicu limunovog soka i 100 ml tople vode i popijte pola sata pre doručka i pola sata pre ručka. Žudnja za hranom biće daleko manja, a samim tim i unos nepotrebnih kalorija. Svaki put kada osetite glad na nervnoj bazi, popijte ovaj napitak kako biste smirili stres, a ujedno i sprečili gojenje.

8. Hemoroidi, fistule
Kao što je već rečeno, biljna vlakna i laksativna svojstva isabgola doprinose lakšem i bezbolnijem pražnjenju creva, bez naprezanja i suvoće. Na taj način sprečava se pucanje krvnih sudova. Osim toga, isabgol je blago oporog ukusa što donekle pomaže zarastanju fistule i zaustavljanju krvarenja.
Pomešajte dve kašičice isabgola sa 200 ml tople vode ili toplog kravljeg mleka i popijte uveče pre spavanja, dok se stanje ne popravi.

9. Holesterol, dijabetes, visok pritisak
Savremena istraživanja pokazala su da ishrana bogata biljnim vlaknima smanjuje apsorpciju masti i šećera. Zbog toga mnogi lekari i nutricionisti savetuju povećani unos biljnih vlakana, naročito rastvorljivih, kako bi se smanjile ili sprečile posledice povišenog nivoa holesterola ili glukoze. Niži nivo holesterola povezan je i sa nižim krvnim pritiskom i zdravijim srcem, a na srce i pritisak blagotvorno deluje i uklanjanje konstipacije i toksina iz debelog creva.
Način uzimanja kod nekog od ovih stanja zavisi od telesne građe i stanja zdravlja osobe. Pogledajte neki od načina opisanih naviše, pa izaberite onaj koji je najprikladniji.

Neželjena dejstva:
Nije dobro uzimati isabgol kod lenjih creva, a to je stanje kada su creva puna sadržaja, ali se ne kreću i hrana u njima stoji i ne vari se. Takođe, osobe koje imaju slab Agni – oganj varenja u želucu odnosno manjak kiseline, ne bi trebale da koriste lubrikantne laksative u koje spada i isabgol.

 

SAVREMENA NAUČNA ISTRAŽIVANJA I ISABGOL:

J Evid Based Integr Med. 2018 Jan-Dec;23:2515690X18763294. doi: 10.1177/2515690X18763294.

1.   Comparing the Effect of Psyllium Seed on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With Oral Omeprazole in Patients With Functional Constipation.

Hosseini M¹, Salari R¹, Akbari Rad M¹, Salehi M¹, Birjandi B¹, Salari M¹.

Author information

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Several studies have been carried out on the treatment of symptoms associated with GERD. The present study aimed to compare the effect of Psyllium seed and oral omeprazole on GERD in patients with functional constipation. In this trial, 132 patients were divided into 2 groups. The impact of omeprazole and Psylliumseed on the treatment and recurrence of GERD was studied. Among the patients, the rate of response to treatment was 89.2% (n = 58) in the Psyllium seed group, while in omeprazole group, it was 94% (n = 63; P = .31). The recurrence rates of Psyllium seed and omeprazole groups were 24.1% (n =14) and 69.8% (n = 44), respectively ( P < .001). The results showed that treatment of functional constipation by Psylliumseed in patients with GERD leads to improvement of GERD and its recurrences in comparison with omeprazole.

KEYWORDS:

GERD; functional constipation; gastroesophageal reflux disease; omeprazole; psyllium seed

 

J Chiropr Med. 2017 Dec;16(4):289-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 Oct 25.

Dietary Fiber Is Beneficial for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.

McRae MP¹.

Author information

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on cardiovascular disease.

METHODS:

An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to January 31, 2017, was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR glucan OR psyllium OR fructans) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on cardiovascular disease, lipid concentrations, or blood pressure were retrieved.

RESULTS:

Thirty-one meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review, and all meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest dietary fiber intake reported statistically significant reductions in the relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular disease mortality (RR = 0.77-0.83), as well as the incidences of cardiovascular disease (RR = 0.72-0.91), coronary heart disease (RR = 0.76-0.93), and stroke (RR = 0.83-0.93). Meta-analyses on supplementation studies using β-glucan or psyllium fibers also reported statistically significant reductions in both total serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.

CONCLUSION:

This review suggests that individuals consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber intake can significantly reduce their incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Mechanistically, these beneficial effects may be due to dietary fibers’ actions on reducing total serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations between 9.3 to 14.7 mg/dL and 10.8 to 13.5 mg/dL, respectively.

KEYWORDS:

Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Coronary Heart Disease; Dietary Fiber; Meta-analysis; Stroke

 

J Chiropr Med. 2018 Mar;17(1):44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.11.002. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Dietary Fiber Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.

McRae MP¹.

Author information

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980, to April 30, 2017, was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR glucan OR psyllium) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on type 2 diabetes, fasting blood glucose concentrations, or glycosylated hemoglobin were retrieved.

RESULTS:

Sixteen meta-analyses were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review. In the meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest dietary fiber intake, there was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes (RR = 0.81-0.85), with the greatest benefit coming from cereal fibers (RR = 0.67-0.87). However, statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in all of these meta-analyses. In the meta-analyses of supplementation studies using β-glucan or psyllium fibers on type 2 diabetic participants, statistically significant reductions were identified in both fasting blood glucose concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin percentages.

CONCLUSION:

This review suggests that those consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber, may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing type 2 diabetes. There also appears to be a small reduction in fasting blood glucose concentration, as well as a small reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin percentage for individuals with type 2 diabetes who add β-glucan or psyllium to their daily dietary intake.

KEYWORDS:

Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated

 

Br J Nutr. 2017 Nov;118(9):661-672. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517002586.

Supplemental psyllium fibre regulates the intestinal barrier and inflammation in normal and colitic mice.

Ogata M¹, Ogita T², Tari H³, Arakawa T³, Suzuki T¹.

Author information

Abstract

Our previous study demonstrated that supplemental psyllium fibre increased cytoprotective heat-shock protein (Hsp) 25 levels in the intestinal cells of mice. Here, we examined the effect of psyllium fibre on colonic gene and protein expression and faecal microbiota in normal and colitic mice to improve the understanding of the preventive role of the supplement. DNA microarray analysis revealed that a 10 % psylliumfibre diet administered for 5 d up-regulated eleven extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes, including collagens and fibronectins, in normal mice. Acute colitis was induced using dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in mice that were administered a pre-feeding 5 to 10 % psylliumfibre diet for 5 d. Psyllium fibre partially ameliorated or resolved the DSS-induced colon damage and inflammation characterised by body weight loss, colon shortening, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased tight junction protein expression in the colon. Analysis of faecal microbiota using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that psylliumfibre affected the colonic microbiota. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by growing intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers on membrane filter supports coated with or without fibronectin and collagen. Cells grown on collagen and fibronectin coating showed higher transepithelial electrical resistance, indicating a strengthening of barrier integrity. Therefore, increased Hsp25 levels and modification of colonic ECM contribute to the observed psyllium-mediated protection against DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, ECM modification appears to play a role in the strengthening of the colon barrier. In conclusion, psyllium fibre may be useful in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases.

KEYWORDS:

DF dietary fibre; DGGE denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; DSS dextran sodium sulphate; ECM extracellular matrix; FD4 conjugated dextran; GO gene ontology; Hsp heat-shock protein; IBD inflammatory bowel disease; JAM junctional adhesion molecule; LBP lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; TER transepithelial electrical resistance; TJ tight junction; ZO zonula occludens; colIα1 collagen type Iα1; Extracellular matrix; Heat-shock protein; Intestinal inflammation; Psyllium; Tight junction protein

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Jan;28(1):3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Oct 7.

The effect of viscous soluble fiber on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Khan K¹, Jovanovski E², Ho HVT², Marques ACR³, Zurbau A², Mejia SB⁴, Sievenpiper JL⁵, Vuksan V⁶.

Author information

Abstract

AIMS:

Dietary fiber intake, especially viscous soluble fiber, has been established as a means to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors. Whether this is true for blood pressure remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the effects of viscous soluble fiber supplementation on blood pressure and quantify the effect of individual fibers.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. We included RCTs of ≥4-weeks in duration assessing viscous fiber supplementation from five types: β-glucan from oats and barley, guar gum, konjac, pectin and psyllium, on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Study data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method with random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-two (N = 1430) and twenty-one RCTs (N = 1343) were included in the final analysis for SBP and DBP, respectively. Viscous fiber reduced SBP (MD = -1.59 mmHg [95% CI: -2.72,-0.46]) and DBP (MD = -0.39 mmHg [95% CI: -0.76,-0.01]) at a median dose of 8.7 g/day (1.45-30 g/day) over a median follow-up of 7-weeks. Substantial heterogeneity in SBP (I² = 72%, P < 0.01) and DBP (I² = 67%, P < 0.01) analysis occurred. Within the five fiber types, SBP reductions were observed only for supplementation using psyllium fiber (MD = -2.39 mmHg [95% CI: -4.62,-0.17]).

CONCLUSION:

Viscous soluble fiber has an overall lowering effect on SBP and DBP. Inclusion of viscous fiber to habitual diets may have additional value in reducing CVD risk via improvement in blood pressure.

PROTOCOL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier-NCT02670967.

Copyright © 2017 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Blood pressure; Guar gum; Konjac; Meta-analysis; Pectin; Psyllium; Viscous soluble fiber; β-Glucan

 

J Complement Integr Med. 2017 Mar 21;14(2). pii: /j/jcim.2017.14.issue-2/jcim-2015-0075/jcim-2015-0075.xml. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0075.

Cytokine changes in gastric and colonic epithelial cell in response to Planta ovata extract.

Yakoob J, Jafri W, Mehmood MH, Abbas Z, Tariq K.

Abstract

Background Psyllium (Planta ovata, Ispaghul) seed and husk are used for treatment of altered bowel habit, i. e. constipation and diarrhea. We studied the effect of Ispaghul extract on secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) by AGS (ATCC CRL 1739) and SW480 (ATCC CCL-227) epithelial cell lines and determined whether Ispaghul extract has an effect on IL-1β secretion by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-stimulated AGS cell and Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12)-stimulated SW480 cells in vitro. Methods The AGS cells and SW480 cells were pretreated with Ispaghul extract in concentrations, i. e. 3.5 and 7 μg/mL prior to infection with H. pylori and E. coli K-12. Results DNA fragmentation in AGS and SW480 cells treated with Ispaghul extract was not significant (2.3±0.8 %) compared with untreated cells (2.2±0.6 %). Ispaghul extract decreased the H. pylori-stimulated secretion of IL-1β by AGS cell (p<0.0001). This effect did not increase as the concentration of extract was increased. Ispaghul extract also decreased E. coli K-12-stimulated IL-1β secretion by SW480 cell (p<0.0001). This effect increased as the concentration of extracts was increased. Conclusions Ispaghul extract had an effect on stimulated secretion of IL-1β by the AGS and SW480 cell. It decreased pro-inflammatory reaction from both cell lines stimulated by bacteria.

KEYWORDS:

AGS cell; E. coli K-12; H. pylori; Ispaghul husk; SW480; interleukin-1β